scholar Marvin Vincent, “No other terms were in more constant use in Rabbinic canon-law than those of binding and loosing. They represented the legislative and judicial powers of the Rabbinic office. These powers Christ now transferred … in their reality, to his apostles; the first, here to Peter.”11 The early Jewish converts would not have been confused or uncertain about what Jesus meant by these words, especially when they had the history of the Jewish monarchy behind them and the Rabbinic teaching